HL22特殊应用早期灭火快速响应（ESFR）洒水器旨在应对严重的火灾挑战。该洒水器设计用于快速响应不断增长的火灾，在较低的压力下抑制而不是控制火灾，无需在48英尺（14.6米）的天花板高度、43英尺（13.1米）的储存空间内使用K14或K17ESFR喷枪采用HLA可熔合金连接212°F（100°C）温度额定值。喷水器的标称K系数为22.4（320公制），在55 psi（3.8 bar）下可输送约166 gpm（632 L\/min）的水。导流板和框架提供了一个宽大、非常对称的半球形图案，能够在高储存高度区域抑制洒水器之间的火灾，同时保持良好的中心核心分布，以穿透和抑制直接发生在洒水器下方的火灾。

Wet Pipe Sprinklers Wet Pipe sprinklers are the most common type of fire sprinkler systems and the most reliable, with the only operating components being the automatic sprinklers and, in some instances, the automatic alarm check valve. An automatic water supply provides water under pressure to the system piping and all the piping is filled with water. When an automatic sprinkler is exposed to sufficient heat, the heat-sensitive element (glass bulb or fusible link) releases water from that sprinkler. Wet pipe sprinklers react to a specific range of temperatures.","Dry Pipe Systems Dry Pipe systems are used only in spaces in which the ambient temperature may be cold enough to freeze the water in a wet pipe system, such as unheated buildings, parking garages, outside canopies attached to heated buildings and refrigerated coolers. Dry pipe systems are the second most common fire sprinkler. Disadvantages include increased complexity, higher installation and maintenance costs, increased fire response time and increased corrosion.","Deluge Systems Deluge systems are systems that have open sprinklers – the heat-sensing operating element is removed or specifically designed to be open so that all sprinklers connected to the water piping system are open. Deluge systems are used for special hazards where rapid fire spread is a concern, as they provide a simultaneous application of water over the entire hazard, and are commonly seen as preventive measures to prevent egress of fire from an external source, such as high-rise windows, warehouse bay entries and openings in a fire-rated wall. Water is not present in the piping until the system operates.","Pre-Action Systems Pre-Action systems are hybrids of wet, dry and deluge systems, depending on requirements. There are two main sub-types of pre-action systems: single interlock and double interlock. Single interlock systems are similar to dry systems except that they require a preceding fire detection event, typically the activation of a heat or smoke detector. Double interlock systems are similar to deluge systems except that automatic sprinklers are used. Pre-action sprinkler systems are commonly used in museums with rare works or art, manuscripts or books, and data centers.