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How to Use Next-Generation AI for Disease Diagnostics

2022-08-11
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Illustration: © IoT For All

The accuracy of disease diagnostics has a direct impact on medical treatment and its efficiency. By leveraging AI diagnostics, medical specialists can competently assess patient information, analyze large volumes of data, and make the best decisions in each situation. Let’s dive into the most common ways artificial intelligence can help physicians with disease diagnosis.

'In the healthcare industry, AI opens up better ways to monitor health and more effectively diagnoses disease, even at an early stage.' -MobiDevClick To Tweet

Improved Processing of Medical Images

Medical imaging requires complex equipment and skilled experts who can interpret CT or MRI scans. In the U.S., medicals professionals perform 30 million MRI scans each year, according to statistics, and AI diagnostics can help them with this task in the following ways:

  • Improved speed of creating MRI scans. Research shows that machine learning models reduce errors by dynamically obtaining an MRI reconstruction.
  • Enhanced patient comfort. AI allows medical professionals to reduce the time needed for scanning sessions, resulting in a better experience for patients, especially for those who feel uncomfortable due to static position. Moreover, modern developments in healthcare and AI may help to eliminate distortions related to unexpected moves made by the patient during the scanning process.
  • Greater patient safety. With AI, it has become possible to use iterative reconstruction for computer tomography and get high-quality scans while exposing patients to smaller doses of X-rays.

Besides scanning, AI systems are applied to improve workflows in hospitals via prioritization of cases and disease detection. Engineers train AI models to identify patterns and deviations by providing them with medical images that depict certain medical conditions. These systems learn how to detect diseases at early stages. Why is this crucial? For example, in the case of cancer, early diagnosis may save lives and significantly cut treatment costs. According to Statista, cancer was named among the leading causes of death from March 2020 to January 2022, so AI for cancer detection is indeed capable of saving lives.      

Refining Clinical Trials

Traditional clinical research is a lengthy process due to mass testing and post-marketing studies. According to Deloitte Insights, only 10 percent of drugs become regulatory approved. In this way, pharmaceutical companies can gather enormous data and statistical reports. And having all the data at their disposal, companies should clean, store, and manage the information. AI facilitates routine tasks related to data processing, reducing the number of human errors. Moreover, AI adoption brings far more benefits, such as:

  • Streamlining of trial design. After being analyzed with AI technologies, data obtained from previous clinical trials can serve as a guide for new research and even reduce the probability of failure.
  • Improvement of patient selection. AI checks and interprets data from different sources, namely, imaging and electronic health records, and enables opting for the best patient enrichment by reducing population heterogeneity, choosing patients with suitable clinical endpoints, and, hypothetically, a better response to treatment.
  • Smart automation for contracts. AI can streamline data insertion, data extraction, and risk identification with automated data entry and risk assessment. 

AI is capable of refining clinical trials in other ways. Text mining can be applied by doctors to search for insights in available data sources. This approach is suitable for in-depth text analysis. However, AI can also track patterns not only in documents but in human behavior, thus allowing us to notice any deviations.            

Better Identifying Mental Disorders

With AI diagnostics, it’s becoming easier to detect mental illnesses and promote health and wellness. So what AI-driven technologies play a significant role here?

Voice analysis systems monitor the slightest change in speech. Monotone, soft speech with pauses might indicate depression. And fast speech with frequent breaths signals anxiety. By leveraging deep learning models and taking into account vocal features, engineers create systems that predict mental disorders and illnesses. Dementia, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic syndrome, to name a few. Short voice recordings can be enough to reveal these health issues. 

For example, using AI for early dementia diagnosis helps physicians identify symptoms of the disease in the early stages (reasoning struggles, focusing problems, and memory loss). If recorded on audio, these defects can be used as material for training a classification model that will distinguish between a healthy person and a sick person. Using recordings of neuropsychological tests, patients can become aware of the early signs of dementia long before brain cell damage occurs.

While AI diagnostics won’t replace doctors, the described approach to the identification of mental disorders fits in everyday clinical scenarios. Current results show that AI can identify signs of diseases in the early stages and pass this data on to doctors for further study and confirmation or denial of the diagnosis. According to the study dedicated to anxiety-displaying activities recognition, AI technologies, including Convolution Neural Networks, identify anxiety-related behavior with more than 92 percent accuracy. This and other studies indicate how AI adoption will evolve in this area.        

Emerging Trends in AI Diagnostics & Health Monitoring

The trend of the metaverse has not bypassed the healthcare industry. AI, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality will drive the development of a new level of telemedicine. With metaverse applications, patients can easily visit virtual healthcare facilities and get qualified support remotely. This approach is useful for distant regions and enables remote treatment. For instance, to treat psychosis, the team from Oxford has developed gameChange (virtual reality therapy). It helps people with psychosis safely immerse themselves in a controlled environment and learn to cope with their fears by re-enacting everyday situations like going to a cafe, shopping, and so on.

Another trend is wearable healthcare technology that will thrive and can be enhanced with AI. Fitness trackers, smartwatches, and biosensors are becoming common devices and use ML algorithms to understand how you walk, run, move, or do any physical activity. Such a field as the Internet of Bodies has opened up for us a lot of smart devices like hearing aids, ingestible sensors, and smart pills that can collect data from our bodies in real time and use it for health monitoring and diagnostics. Moreover, further studies in this area have resulted in the advent of a new generation of devices, namely wearables for visually-impaired people that detect obstacles or diabetic eye disease screening introduced by the Google Brain initiative.

Final Thoughts

The development of artificial intelligence technology benefits all business systems. In the healthcare industry, AI opens up better ways to monitor health and more effectively diagnose diseases, even at an early stage. A timely and more accurate diagnosis allows you to choose the best treatment option and significantly increase its effectiveness. Moreover, the development of AI-based healthcare startups helps patients independently monitor the main indicators of their health and not miss early symptoms. This increases the engagement of patients in taking care of their health and makes medicine an even more innovative field that can change our lives.

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  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Augmented Reality
  • Data Analytics
  • Digital Transformation
  • Healthcare

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Augmented Reality
  • Data Analytics
  • Digital Transformation
  • Healthcare

参考译文
如何利用下一代人工智能进行疾病诊断
疾病诊断的准确性直接影响到医疗服务的有效性。通过利用人工智能诊断,医学专家可以胜任地评估患者信息,分析大量数据,并在每种情况下做出最佳决策。让我们来了解一下人工智能帮助医生进行疾病诊断的最常见方式。医学成像需要复杂的设备和熟练的专家来解读CT或MRI扫描结果。据统计,在美国,医疗专业人员每年进行3000万次MRI扫描,人工智能诊断可以通过以下方式帮助他们完成这项任务:除了扫描,人工智能系统还通过病例优先级和疾病检测来改善医院的工作流程。工程师通过提供描述特定医疗状况的医学图像来训练AI模型识别模式和偏差。这些系统学习如何在早期阶段检测疾病。为什么这一点至关重要?例如,在癌症的情况下,早期诊断可能会挽救生命,并显著降低治疗成本。据Statista报道,从2020年3月到2022年1月,癌症被列为主要死亡原因之一,所以用于癌症检测的人工智能确实有能力拯救生命。传统的临床研究是一个漫长的过程,由于大规模测试和上市后研究。根据德勤咨询的数据,只有10%的药物获得了监管部门的批准。通过这种方式,制药公司可以收集大量的数据和统计报告。有了所有的数据,公司应该清理、存储和管理这些信息。人工智能简化了与数据处理相关的日常工作,减少了人为错误的数量。此外,人工智能的采用带来了更多的好处,例如:人工智能能够以其他方式完善临床试验。医生可以利用文本挖掘在可用的数据源中搜索见解。这种方法适合于深入的文本分析。然而,人工智能不仅可以追踪文档中的模式,还可以追踪人类行为的模式,从而让我们注意到任何偏差。有了人工智能诊断技术,检测精神疾病和促进健康变得更加容易。那么,哪些人工智能驱动的技术在这里发挥着重要作用呢?语音分析系统监测语音中最细微的变化。语调单调、轻声细语并伴有停顿可能表明情绪低落。语速快、呼吸频繁表明焦虑。通过利用深度学习模型并考虑到声音特征,工程师们创建了预测精神障碍和疾病的系统。比如痴呆、精神分裂症和创伤后综合症。简短的语音录音足以揭示这些健康问题。例如,使用人工智能进行早期痴呆诊断可以帮助医生识别疾病早期阶段的症状(推理困难、注意力问题和记忆丧失)。如果将这些缺陷记录在音频上,就可以作为训练分类模型的材料,以区分健康人和病人。利用神经心理测试的记录,患者可以在脑细胞损伤发生很久之前就知道痴呆症的早期迹象。虽然人工智能诊断不会取代医生,但上述识别精神障碍的方法适用于日常临床场景。目前的研究结果表明,人工智能可以在疾病的早期阶段识别疾病的迹象,并将这些数据传递给医生进行进一步研究,确认或否定诊断。根据这项专注于焦虑显示活动识别的研究,包括卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Networks)在内的人工智能技术识别焦虑相关行为的准确率超过92%。这项研究和其他研究表明,人工智能将如何在这一领域发展。 元世界的趋势并没有绕过医疗保健行业。人工智能、增强现实和虚拟现实将推动远程医疗发展到一个新的水平。通过metaverse应用程序,患者可以轻松访问虚拟医疗设施,并获得合格的远程支持。这种方法适用于偏远地区,可以实现远程治疗。例如,为了治疗精神病,来自牛津大学的团队开发了gameChange(虚拟现实疗法)。它帮助精神病患者安全地将自己沉浸在一个可控的环境中,并通过重演去咖啡馆、购物等日常情景来学习应对他们的恐惧。另一个趋势是可穿戴医疗技术,它将蓬勃发展,并可以通过人工智能增强。健身追踪器、智能手表和生物传感器正在成为常见设备,它们使用ML算法来了解你如何走路、跑步、移动或进行任何体育活动。像身体互联网这样的一个领域为我们打开了许多智能设备,如助听器、可消化传感器和智能药丸,它们可以实时收集我们身体的数据,并用于健康监测和诊断。此外,在这一领域的进一步研究导致了新一代设备的出现,即由谷歌Brain倡议推出的用于视力受损人群的可穿戴设备,用于检测障碍或糖尿病性眼病筛查。人工智能技术的发展使所有业务系统受益。在医疗保健行业,人工智能开辟了更好的方式来监测健康,更有效地诊断疾病,即使是在早期阶段。及时和更准确的诊断,让您选择最佳的治疗方案,显著提高其有效性。此外,基于人工智能的医疗保健初创公司的发展,有助于患者独立监测自己的健康主要指标,不会错过早期症状。这增加了患者在照顾自己健康方面的参与度,并使医学成为一个更具创新性的领域,可以改变我们的生活。
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