安科瑞 崔庭宇
摘要：根据开口式霍尔电流传感器的原理、特点及安装方式，分析开口式霍尔电流传感器在工厂改造配电系统中的应用，为用户快速实现直流系统智能配电提供解决方案。
Abstract: According to the principle, characteristics and installation mode of the open-type Hall current sensor, the application of the open-type Hall current sensor in the transformation and distribution system of the factory is analyzed, so as to provide a solution for users to realize the intelligent distribution of DC system quickly.
关键词：开口式霍尔电流传感器 直流配电系统 工作原理 应用
Key words: open type Hall current sensor DC distribution system working principle application
0 概述Overview
直流配电系统通常由高频开关电源和蓄电池组成，用于为直流系统中控制、信号、继电保护及自动装置、事故照明等提供可靠的直流电源，对其供电的可靠性、稳定性以及供电质量均有着很高的要求。因此在该俄罗斯直流系统中，我们搭配的直流霍尔配电能表使用。直流系统改造时不停电，工程改造难度大，采用传统的闭口霍尔电流传感器或者分流器也无法解决，因此可采用开口式霍尔电流传感器来解决改造项目中直流电流计量问题，确保改造过程不停电且安全运行。
DC distribution system is usually composed of high frequency switching power supply and battery, which is used to provide reliable DC power supply for control, signal, relay protection and automatic devices, accident lighting and so on in DC system. It has high requirements for the reliability, stability and quality of power supply. Therefore, in the Russian DC system, we matched the DC Hall distribution meter used. During the transformation of DC system, there is no power outage, and the engineering transformation is difficult, and the traditional closed Hall current sensor or shunt can not solve the problem. Therefore, the open Hall current sensor can be used to solve the DC current measurement problem in the transformation project, so as to ensure the safe operation of the transformation process without power outage.
1产品设计 Product Design
1.1 结构特点Structural features
开口式霍尔电流传感器在传统闭口霍尔电流传感器的基础上进行研发，结构新颖，外形美观大方。整体由外壳、铁芯、采样线路板及固定树脂构成，外壳材料采用PC/ABS合金，具有耐高温、机械强度高、环保等特点；铁芯采用有取向冷扎硅钢片，具有性能稳定，机械强度高，导磁率极高等特点；线路板与外部接线采用绿色可插拔端子，现场接线方便、可靠。具体结构如图1、2所示，产品外观采用分体式设计，图1为圆孔型，适合直流系统一次母线为电缆时穿过。，图2方孔型，适合直流系统一次母线为铜排时穿过。根据一次电流的测量范围及穿孔要求，可选择相应的产品类型。该系列传感器电流可测范围为20A～20000A，主要外形有ф20、ф40、ф60、64*16、85*27、104*36、140*50等多种规格，如图3所示，适用于不同应用场合。
Open-mouth Hall current sensor is developed on the basis of traditional closed-mouth Hall current sensor. It has novel structure and beautiful appearance. The whole is composed of shell, iron core, sampling circuit board and fixed resin. The shell material is made of PC/ABS alloy, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high mechanical strength and environmental protection. The core is made of oriented cold bonded silicon steel sheet, which has the characteristics of stable performance, high mechanical strength and extremely high magnetic conductivity. Green pluggable terminal is used for circuit board and external wiring, which is convenient and reliable for on-site wiring. The specific structure is shown in Figure 1 and 2. The appearance of the product adopts split design. Figure 1 is a round pass, which is suitable for passing through the DC system when the primary bus is a cable. , Fig. 2 square pass, suitable for the DC system when the primary bus is copper bar. According to the measurement range of primary current and perforation requirements, the corresponding product type can be selected. This series of sensors can measure the current range of 20A ~ 20000A, the main shape of the phi 20, 40, 60, 64*16, 85*27, 104*36, 140*50 and other specifications, as shown in Figure 3, suitable for different applications.
Fig. 1 circular pass pattern Fig. 2 Square pass pattern
Figure 3 AHKC series open type Hall current sensor
1.2 作原理Working principle
霍尔电流传感器是根据霍尔效应、电磁感应原理设计的一种传感器，按原理可分为开环方式（直放式）和闭环方式（磁平衡式），开口式霍尔电流传感器是在传统开环（直放式）霍尔传感器的基础上加以改进，与传统单铁芯、单霍尔芯片设计不同，为了设计为分体式结构，将铁芯分离对称安装，硬件采用双霍尔芯片并联互补差分输入，开口式霍尔传感器原理如图4所示：
Hall current sensor based on hall effect, electromagnetic induction principle, design of a sensor, according to the principle can be divided into the open loop mode (straight) and closed loop mode (magnetic balance type), open hall current sensor is in a traditional open loop (straight) is improved on the basis of hall sensor, is different from traditional single core, single chip design hall, In order to design a split structure, the iron core is separated and installed symmetrically. The hardware adopts parallel complementary differential input of double Hall chips. The principle of open-type Hall sensor is shown in Figure 4:
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of open Hall sensor
当原边电流IP流过一根长导线时，在导线周围将产生磁场，磁场的大小与流过导线的电流成正比，产生的磁场聚集在磁环内，通过磁环气隙中两个霍尔元件进行测量，两霍尔元件标志面相反置于同一磁场内，输出信号具有互补特征，输出电压通过差分放大输出，不但可抑制共模干扰，也可温度漂移的影响，输出电压VS准确的反映原边电流IP。一般的额定输出标定为DC±5V或DC4-20mA。
When the primary side current IP flows through a long wire, will produce a magnetic field around the wire, the size of the magnetic field and is proportional to the current through the wire, the magnetic field gathered in the circular, through two hall element in the circular air gap measurement, two hall element marks instead placed in the same field, the output signal with complementary characteristics of output voltage by differential amplifier output, Not only can suppress the common mode interference, but also the influence of temperature drift, the output voltage VS accurately reflect the original side current IP. The general rated output is calibrated as DC±5V or DC4-20mA.
1.3 产品安装Product installation
以方孔产品为例，如图5所示，将开口式霍尔电流传感器的安装螺丝打开，卸下传感器的下体；将开口式霍尔电流传感器的上体装入配电系统的一次母排，合上传感器的下体，将传感器的安装螺丝、垫片穿过上、下体的固定孔，将传感器的上、下体固定在一起。如果现场可断电安装，可在铜牌上按传感器间距要求开两个对应螺纹孔，将传感器通过后侧的安装固定孔固定在母排螺纹孔上，完成传感器的安装；如现场要求不断电安装，可采用配套橡胶垫块内嵌于外壳与铜牌之间固定，确保传感器能在振动条件下也能可靠工作，整个安装过程比较快速简单。
Take square-hole products as an example, as shown in Figure 5, open the mounting screw of the open-type Hall current sensor, and remove the lower body of the sensor; The upper body of the open type Hall current sensor is loaded into the primary bus of the distribution system, and the lower body of the sensor is closed. The mounting screws and gaskets of the sensor pass through the fixing holes of the upper and lower bodies, and the upper and lower bodies of the sensor are fixed together. If on-site power off installation is possible, two corresponding threaded holes can be opened on the bronze plate according to the sensor spacing requirements, and the sensor is fixed on the threaded hole of the bus bar through the rear mounting fixing hole to complete the installation of the sensor; If the site requires continuous electric installation, the supporting rubber pad can be embedded between the shell and the bronze plate to ensure that the sensor can work reliably under vibration conditions. The whole installation process is relatively quick and simple.
Fig. 5 Product installation diagram
1.4 开口式霍尔传感器优点Advantages of open type Hall sensor
与传统直流电流计量一般采用分流器或互感器测量方法相比，开口式霍尔传感器具有以下优点：
1）原边副边绝缘强度高，可达AC 12kV隔离；
2）无插入损耗；
3）动态性能好：响应时间小于20us跟踪速度di/dt高于20A/us
4) 安装时无需拆卸原边电缆或母排，特别适用于不允许断电设备的改造施工。
Compared with the traditional DC current measurement method generally adopted by shunt or transformer, the open-type Hall sensor has the following advantages:
1) High insulation strength of primary side and secondary side, up to AC 12KV isolation;
2) No insertion loss;
3) Good dynamic performance: the response time is less than 20uS and the tracking speed Di /dt is higher than 20A/ uS
4) There is no need to disassemble the original side cable or bus during installation. It is especially suitable for the transformation and construction of equipment that is not allowed to lose power.
2. 产品应用Product application
开口式霍尔电流传感器主要应用在工厂改造直流配电系统中，如电厂直流电源系统改造、变电站直流系统改造改造、通讯机房改造、铁路机车改造等项目，它能将系统中原边直流电流信号转换成为标准DC± 5V或4-20mA输出，起到了监测和电气隔离作用，可与多回路监控仪表或其他电气测量仪表配套使用。
Open-end Hall current sensor is mainly used in the transformation of DC distribution system in factories, such as DC power system transformation in power plants, DC system transformation in substations, communication room transformation, railway locomotive transformation and other projects. It can convert the central edge DC current signal of the system into standard DC± 5V or 4-20mA output. It plays the role of monitoring and electrical isolation, and can be used with multi-loop monitoring instruments or other electrical measuring instruments.
3 .结论Conclusion
开口式霍尔电流传感器因其结构简单、安装方便、运行可靠等良好的适用性，在直流系统应用中发挥很大的作用，特别是改造项目中得到了大量应用。
Open-end Hall current sensor plays an important role in the application of DC system because of its simple structure, convenient installation, reliable operation and other good applicability, especially in the renovation project.
参考文献 Bibliography
1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2021.04