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Over-the-Air Firmware Updates in The IoT Context

2022-10-08
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Over-the-air firmware updates in the IoT context
Illustration: © IoT For All

The modern world – with its fast technological development – poses additional challenges to organizations that have implemented Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Once embedded, IoT devices require constant maintenance and OTA firmware updates to stay sophisticated and reliable over time. Otherwise, their performance degradation is unavoidable.   

Maintenance of all connected devices is often carried out manually with some periodicity or in case of failure, which can hardly be defined as a state-of-the-art solution. Updating the firmware in hundreds or even thousands of devices is not only inconvenient for organizations, but also extremely costly due to the tremendous resources and time needed. The firmware updates are often ignored, which results in the early depreciation of the equipment.   

'Once embedded, IoT devices require constant maintenance and firmware updates to stay sophisticated and reliable over time.' -PryladaClick To Tweet

Fortunately, seamless and easy firmware updates are no longer fiction. Once a new version of firmware is available, it can be wirelessly applied to all devices of an IoT system, even those used in the field or hard-to-reach places. In this article, we will talk about the innovative approach of direct and simultaneous enhancements – over-the-air (OTA) firmware updates. 

What are OTA Firmware Updates and How Do They Work?

As you might guess from the name, over-the-air updates are any updates that are delivered and installed wirelessly. In the IoT context, OTA firmware updates refer to the wireless distribution of upgraded firmware to all devices embedded into an IoT system. Delivering smart updates is a centralized process that can be enabled via a remote control unit or an admin panel.

Once a new version of firmware is released, it is deployed on a cloud-based server (firmware repository) and becomes available for all customer devices by default. Optionally, the customer may also select a specific firmware version and make it accessible to a limited number of devices (filtered by type, location, or other parameters). The updates are sent to the target devices via cellular or Wi-Fi connection. 

To make the OTA mechanism work, the devices must support the OTA feature and be equipped with the interfaces required for data communication with the server. Such devices are usually configured to send a request for a firmware update to the server with a certain frequency. If a new version is already available at such request, the firmware package is installed on the devices automatically. 

Backward compatibility is another requirement applied to the target devices. It allows them to discard the changes and revert to the previous firmware version if something happens during the data transfer, for example, a power or network outage. 

OTA firmware updates for IoT devices

Challenges of Over-the-Air Implementation

To enable firmware updates for the devices that are already used in the customer’s system, these devices must have interfaces compatible with the ecosystem of the existing cloud-based firmware storage and remote asset monitoring system. This may become an insurmountable barrier since only a few companies provide an IoT hardware, software, connectivity, and cloud ecosystem that can process OTA firmware updates. 

Even those IoT platforms that declare the availability of OTA updates and offer an ultimate ecosystem may not ensure a proper level of security, reliability, and configuration. For example, a system may not analyze the external factors and the current stage of the process and may initiate updates even if the devices are busy with a critical task. This may cause malfunctions or failures of the whole system. Handling such extraordinary situations interrupts the production process, resulting in costly downtime and a productivity decrease. 

To support OTA updates for extended IoT systems, the firmware storage must have enough memory and provide different connectivity options for various types of devices. Otherwise, the scalability of the system becomes impossible due to the limitations of the platform through which the updates are delivered to the target assets. However, an issue may also arise on the device side. The embedded devices should be equipped with non-volatile memory to store a previous version of the firmware and revert to it in case of a failed or interrupted delivery of a new version.

Benefits of OTA Firmware Updates

Implementing OTA updates opens up new opportunities for any IoT system and its owners. The list of benefits includes, but is not limited to:

  • Enhanced operational efficiency due to sophisticated features and capabilities added to the devices with upgraded firmware versions.   
  • Increased productivity and minimized waste gained as the result of shifting maintenance and repairs left and concentrating on the quality and speed of final delivery.  
  • Reduced downtime and costs by preventing functional failures and timely responding to firmware bugs. 
  • Constant product innovation due to the simplified and accelerated process of firmware deployment.
  • New revenue streams as the result of the positive factors listed above. 
  • The ability to test new functionalities by applying updates to a limited number of devices.
  • Scalability of IoT systems (up to thousands of devices) without bringing extra budget and human resources.
  • Easy and centralized system management via a remote control unit with a user-friendly and beautiful interface. 
  • A high level of security is ensured by encryption and authorization methods applied to firmware delivery channels.
  • Backward compatibility is especially valuable in situations when a firmware update is interrupted by a connection or power failure. In this case, the devices will roll back the broken firmware to the previous version to avoid malfunctioning.  
  • Smooth and uninterruptible development process due to the stable work of constantly-updated devices and a minimal distraction to bug fixing.

To sum up, OTA updates ensure IoT devices are continuously maintained and improved without extra costs and manual labor. This is rather the simplest and most convenient way to enhance the performance of an implemented IoT system.

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  • Automation
  • Preventative Maintenance
  • Cloud Software
  • Connectivity
  • Device Management

  • Automation
  • Preventative Maintenance
  • Cloud Software
  • Connectivity
  • Device Management

参考译文
物联网环境中的无线固件更新
随着技术的快速发展,现代世界对实施物联网(IoT)系统的组织提出了额外的挑战。一旦嵌入,物联网设备需要不断维护和OTA固件更新,以保持复杂和可靠的时间。否则,它们的性能下降是不可避免的。所有连接的设备的维护通常是手动进行的,具有一定的周期性或在故障的情况下,这很难定义为最先进的解决方案。在数百甚至数千个设备上更新固件不仅对组织来说不方便,而且由于需要大量的资源和时间,成本非常高。固件更新经常被忽略,这导致设备的早期折旧。幸运的是,无缝和简单的固件更新不再是虚构的。一旦新版本的固件可用,它可以无线应用到物联网系统的所有设备,即使是在现场或难以到达的地方使用的设备。在本文中,我们将讨论直接和同时增强的创新方法——无线(OTA)固件更新。正如您可能从名称中猜到的那样,无线更新是指通过无线方式交付和安装的任何更新。在物联网环境中,OTA固件更新指的是将升级后的固件无线分发到嵌入物联网系统的所有设备。传递智能更新是一个集中的过程,可以通过远程控制单元或管理面板启用。一旦发布了新版本的固件,就会将其部署到基于云的服务器(固件存储库)上,并在默认情况下对所有客户设备可用。客户还可以选择特定的固件版本,并使有限数量的设备可以访问它(根据类型、位置或其他参数进行筛选)。更新通过蜂窝网络或Wi-Fi连接发送到目标设备。为了使OTA机制正常工作,设备必须支持OTA特性,并配备与服务器进行数据通信所需的接口。这类设备通常配置为以一定的频率向服务器发送固件更新请求。如果已经有新版本,固件包会自动安装到设备上。向后兼容性是应用于目标设备的另一个要求。如果在数据传输过程中发生了一些事情,例如电源或网络中断,它允许他们丢弃更改并恢复到以前的固件版本。要为客户系统中已经使用的设备启用固件更新,这些设备必须具有与现有基于云的固件存储和远程资产监控系统的生态系统兼容的接口。这可能成为一个不可逾越的障碍,因为只有少数公司提供物联网硬件、软件、连接和云生态系统,可以处理OTA固件更新。即使是那些宣称OTA更新可用性并提供终极生态系统的物联网平台,也可能无法确保适当水平的安全性、可靠性和配置。例如,系统可能不分析外部因素和流程的当前阶段,即使设备忙于一个关键任务,也可能启动更新。可能导致整个系统出现故障或故障。处理这种异常情况会中断生产过程,导致昂贵的停机时间和生产力下降。 为了支持扩展物联网系统的OTA更新,固件存储必须有足够的内存,并为各种类型的设备提供不同的连接选项。否则,由于将更新传递到目标资产的平台的限制,系统的可伸缩性将变得不可能。然而,设备端也可能出现问题。嵌入式设备应该配备非易失性内存,以存储固件的前一个版本,并在新版本交付失败或中断的情况下恢复到该版本。实施OTA更新为任何物联网系统及其所有者带来了新的机遇。综上所述,OTA更新确保了物联网设备的持续维护和改进,无需额外的成本和人工。这是提高物联网系统性能最简单、最方便的方法。
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